Lewis Albert Sayre was an orthopedic surgeon who practiced medicine in New York City, New York, during the second half of the nineteenth century and held a number of leadership positions in his profession. Over the course of his nearly fifty-year career, Sayre developed a number of surgical and nonsurgical treatments of bone problems including scoliosis and other forms of spinal curvature, club foot, and hip-joint disease resulting from tuberculosis infection. He also helped popularize circumcision, or surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis, as a treatment for a variety of medical conditions, including muscle paralysis and epilepsy, based on the theory, discredited as of 2025, that a chronically irritated foreskin could lead to diseases in other parts of the body. By providing a medical justification for circumcision, Sayre helped to embed the surgical procedure within US medicine, even as the medical rationales for its use would change periodically in the decades that followed.