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Harald zur Hausen studied viruses and discovered that certain strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease, can cause…
Cervix uteri--CancerHuman Papilloma VirusPapillomavirusesGenital WartsCondylomata AcuminataIn 'Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste,' Bert Hölldobler and Edward Osborne Wilson explore the evolutionary origins of worker ants. '…
LiteratureAntsInsect societiesKin selection (Evolution)EvolutionIn 1953, Virginia Apgar published the article "A Proposal for a New Method for Evaluation of the Newborn Infant" about her method for scoring newborn…
LiteratureObstetricsAnesthesiologyCesarean SectionDelivery (Obstetrics)A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery is a three volume collection of patient accounts that William Smellie published from 1752 to 1764…
MidwivesObstetrical ForcepsChildbirthObstetricsLabor (Obstetrics)William Stewart Halsted was a surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, during the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1894 Halsted…
MastectomySurgeryAsepsis and antisepsisBreast NeoplasmsBlood TransfusionEdgar Allen identified and outlined the role of female sex hormones and discovered estrogen in the early 1900s in the US. In 1923, Allen, through his…
EstrogenHormones, SexOogenesisEstrusMenstrual CycleJames Young Simpson was one of the first obstetricians to administer anesthesia during childbirth in nineteenth century Scotland. Before his work in…
ChildbirthObstetricsLabor (Obstetrics)ChloroformEtherIn 2001, Yale University Press published Frederic Lawrence Holmes' book, Meselson, Stahl, and the Replication of DNA: A History of "The Most…
LiteratureWatson, James D., 1928-Crick, Francis, 1916-2004Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass.)DNA ReplicationDuring the late 1800s and early 1900s, physician Martin Couney held incubator exhibits to demonstrate the efficacy of infant incubators throughout…
IncubatorsConey Island (New York, N.Y.)Premature InfantsLuna Park (New York, N.Y.)Dreamland (New York, N.Y.)Irving Freiler Stein Sr. was a physician who studied women’s reproductive health during the twentieth century in the United States. In partnership…
Polycystic ovary syndromeInfertilityInfertility, FemaleovaryContraception