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During the twentieth century, Austin Bradford Hill researched diseases and their causes in England and developed the Bradford Hill criteria, which…
EpidemiologyCervical CancerDiseasesCarcinoma, Squamous CellenvironmentGeorge Nicholas Papanicolaou developed the Pap test in the United States during the twentieth century. The Pap test is a diagnostic procedure used to…
Pap TestExfoliative cytologyCervical CancerMenstrual CycleUterine CancerThe use of blood in forensic analysis is a method for identifying individuals suspected of committing some kinds of crimes. Paul Uhlenhuth and Karl…
Blood GroupsAntigen-Antibody ReactionsBiological specimens--IdentificationForensic sciencesBlood CellsKurt Benirschke studied cells, placentas, and endangered species in Germany and the US during the twentieth century. Benirschke was professor at the…
Developmental BiologyGeneticsEndangered SpeciesGene librariesEmbryologySantiago Felipe Ramon y Cajal investigated brains in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Spain. He identified and individuated many components…
NeuronsChickens--EmbryosAxonsIn a dispute over the allocation of cryopreserved preembryos, the Supreme Court of Washington resolved the case of David J. Litowitz v. Becky M.…
LawFrozen human embryosFertilization in VitroEmbryosPregnancyZhang Lizhu is a Chinese gynecologist and researcher. For most of her career, she worked in the Peking Medical College Third Hospital, renamed in…
PeopleReproductionBiographyFertilizationThe p53 protein acts as a pivotal suppressor of inappropriate cell proliferation. By initiating suppressive effects through induction of apoptosis,…
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53ExperimentsCancerCell DeathDeveloping a codebook of definitions and exemplars of significant text segments and applying it to the collected data revealed several themes. For…
MenstruationMenstrual Hygiene ProductsReproductive HealthHealth educationMenstruation DisturbancesDuring the nineteenth century, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky conducted research on the causes of disease by performing approximately 30,000 autopsies…
Endometriosis--Alternative treatment--Popular worksCervix uteriUterus--DiseasesAnatomy, PathologicalAutopsy