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A. Z. v. B. Z. (2000)

By: Jennifer E. Chapman | Published: Nov 01, 2013

In A.Z. v. B.Z. (2000), the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts in Boston, Massachusetts, affirmed a lower courtÕs decision, ruling that…

LawFrozen human embryosFertilization in VitroPregnancyEmbryos

Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer

By: Tian Zhu | Published: Jan 31, 2011

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) first used in 1986 to help those who are infertile conceive a…

TechnologyZygote Intrafallopian TransferReproductionFertilization

Warren Harmon Lewis (1870-1964)

By: Kimberly A. Buettner | Published: Nov 01, 2007

As one of the first to work at the Carnegie Institution of Washington Department of Embryology, Warren Harmon Lewis made a number of contributions to…

PeopleBiographyEducationCarnegie Institution of Washington

Morphogenesis: An Essay on Development (1952), by John Tyler Bonner

By: Mary E. Sunderland | Published: May 09, 2008

Throughout his long and fruitful career John Tyler Bonner has made great strides in understanding basic issues of embryology and developmental-…

LiteratureMorphogenesisPublications

Conrad Hal Waddington (1905-1975)

By: Adam R. Navis | Published: Nov 08, 2007

Conrad Hal Waddington was an embryologist and theoretical biologist. His early experimental work investigated aspects of embryonic induction and the…

EpigenomicsEpigeneticsBiography

Photograph 51, by Rosalind Franklin (1952)

By: Victoria Hernandez | Published: Dec 30, 2019

On 6 May 1952, at King’s College London in London, England, Rosalind Franklin photographed her fifty-first X-ray diffraction pattern of…

LiteratureDNADNA HelicasesX Ray CrystallographyCrystallography, X-Ray

World Health Organization Guidelines (Option A, B, and B+) for Antiretroviral Drugs to Treat Pregnant Women and Prevent HIV Infection in Infants

By: Sierra Hope Jones, Alexis Darby | Published: Mar 01, 2021

To address the international Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic, the World Health Organization, or WHO, developed three drug treatment regimens…

HIV-positive personsHIV infectionsHIV-positive youthHIV-positive womenHIV-positive children

World Health Organization Guidelines (Option A, B, and B+) for Antiretroviral Drugs to Treat Pregnant Women and Prevent HIV Infection in Infants

By: Sierra Hope Jones, Alexis Darby | Published: Mar 01, 2021

To address the international Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic, the World Health Organization, or WHO, developed three drug treatment regimens…

HIV-positive personsHIV infectionsHIV-positive youthHIV-positive womenHIV-positive children

Landrum Brewer Shettles (1909-2003)

By: Stephen C. Ruffenach | Published: Jul 22, 2009

Landrum Brewer Shettles is remembered as an important contributor to early in vitro fertilization research in the United States as well as a prolific…

PeopleFertilization in VitroReproductionBiographyFertilization

Dysmenorrhea as a Menstrual Disorder

By: Emily Santora | Published: Jul 21, 2021

Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual bleeding and often includes symptoms such as cramps in the lower abdominal region, pain radiating down to…

BelladonnaDysmenorrheaWomen's health servicesReproductive HealthMenstruation, Painful