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George Herbert Hitchings (1905–1998)

By: Eboni E. Andersun | Published: Jun 25, 2024

George Herbert Hitchings researched and developed medications that targeted specific parts of DNA replication processes to treat cancers and various…

Nucleoside analogDNA ReplicationDrug DevelopmentAcyclovirPharmacology

Leuprorelin as a Treatment for Endometriosis

By: Anna Guerrero, Emily Santora | Published: Nov 30, 2019

Leuprolide acetate, or leuprorelin, is a manufactured drug that has been prescribed as a treatment for endometriosis, a medical condition in which…

EndometriosisEndometriumDrug utilizationDrugs--AdministrationUterus

Gail Roberta Martin (1944– )

By: Lance Villarreal | Published: Jul 31, 2019

In the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Gail Roberta Martin specialized in biochemistry and embryology, more specifically cellular…

EmbryosEmbryos--PhysiologyEmbryos--AnatomyBlastocystRetrovirus Infections

“The History of Twins, As a Criterion of the Relative Powers of Nature and Nurture” (1875), by Francis Galton

By: Mudhaffar Bahjat | Published: Dec 19, 2017

In the article “The History of Twins, As a Criterion of the Relative Powers of Nature and Nurture,” Francis Galton describes his study of twins.…

LiteratureNature and nurtureGeneticsHeredityTwins

David Reimer and John Money Gender Reassignment Controversy: The John/Joan Case

By: Phil Gaetano | Published: Nov 15, 2017

In the mid-1960s, psychologist John Money encouraged the gender reassignment of David Reimer, who was born a biological male but suffered irreparable…

Sex changeGender IdentitypsychologyGenderSexual and Gender Disorders

"Congenital Club Foot in the Human Fetus" (1980), by Ernesto Ippolito and Ignacio Ponseti

By: Katherine Gandee | Published: Mar 16, 2017

In 1980, Ernesto Ippolito and Ignacio Ponseti published their results on a histological study they performed on congenital club foot in human fetuses…

ClubfootPonseti, I. V. (Ignacio V.), 1914-2009Abnormalities, HumanHistologyHistology, Pathological

Dandy-Walker Syndrome

By: Alexandra Bohnenberger | Published: Mar 02, 2017

Dandy-Walker Syndrome is a congenital brain defect in humans characterized by malformations to the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls…

Dandy, Walter Edward, 1886-1946Walker, A. Earl (Arthur Earl), 1907-1995HydrocephalusBirth DefectsDandy-Walker Syndrome

Digit Regeneration Is Regulated by Msx1 and BMP4 in Fetal Mice (2003), by Manjong Han et al.

By: Joe Brinkman | Published: Apr 13, 2015

In the early 2000s, Manjong Han, Xiaodang Yang, Jennifer Farrington, and Ken Muneoka investigated how genes and proteins in fetal mice (Mus musculus…

Regeneration (Biology)MiceRegenerationHomeobox genesBone Morphogenetic Proteins

Carol Widney Greider (1961-)

By: Zane Bartlett | Published: Jan 26, 2015

Carol Widney Greider studied telomeres and telomerase in the US at the turn of the twenty-first century. She worked primarily at the University of…

Greider, Carol W.Women Nobel Prize winnersNobel Prize winnersTelomeraseTelomere

Retinoids As Teratogens

By: Chanapa Tantibanchachai | Published: Feb 28, 2014

Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential vitamin in the daily functioning of human beings that helps regulate cellular differentiation of epithelial…

RetinoidsVitamin A in the bodyTeratogenicity testingAbnormalities, HumanTeratogenic agents