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“Survival of Mouse Embryos Frozen to -196 ° and -269 °C” (1972), by David Whittingham, Stanley Leibo, and Peter Mazur

By: Risa Aria Schnebly | Published: Oct 01, 2020

In 1972, David Whittingham, Stanley Leibo, and Peter Mazur published the paper, “Survival of Mouse Embryos Frozen to -196 ° and -269 °C,” hereafter…

LiteratureCultures (Biology)--CryopreservationCells--CryopreservationMolecular weightsCryobiology

"The Role of Maternal Mitochondria during Oogenesis, Fertilization and Embryogenesis" (2002), by James M. Cummins

By: Dorothy R. Haskett | Published: Sep 19, 2014

James M Cummins published 'The Role of Maternal Mitochondria during Oogenesis, Fertilization and Embryogenesis' 30 January 2002 in Reproductive…

LiteratureMitochondriaEmbryologyFertilization (Biology)Ovum

Spemann-Mangold Organizer

By: Samuel Philbrick, Erica O'Neil | Published: Jan 12, 2012

The Spemann-Mangold organizer, also known as the Spemann organizer, is a cluster of cells in the developing embryo of an amphibian that induces…

EmbryosAmphibiansSpemann, Hans, 1869-1941EmbryologyGastrulation

David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel’s Research on Optical Development in Kittens

By: Dina A. Lienhard | Published: Oct 11, 2017

During 1964, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel studied the short and long term effects of depriving kittens of vision in one eye. In their experiments,…

Harvard Medical SchoolNobel Prize winnersKittensCatsVision disorders

Curt Jacob Stern (1902-1981)

By: Dasia Garcia | Published: Jun 23, 2017

Curt Jacob Stern studied radiation and chromosomes in humans and fruit flies in the United States during the twentieth century. He researched the…

ChromosomesHeredityMitosisDrosophilaDrosophila melanogaster

Boris Ephrussi (1901-1979)

By: Divyash Chhetri | Published: Sep 15, 2014

Boris Ephrussi studied fruit flies, yeast, and mouse genetics and development while working in France and the US during the twentieth century. In…

Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc.MutationTissue cultureDrosophilaTissue Transplantation

Thomas Joseph King Jr. (1921-2000)

By: Sean Cohmer | Published: Jan 01, 2012

Thomas Joseph King Jr. was a developmental biologist who, with fellow scientist Robert Briggs, pioneered a method of transplanting nuclei from…

PeopleNuclear Transfer TechniquesBiographyNuclear TransplantationCancer
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“Partial Paralysis from Reflex Irritation, Caused by Congenital Phimosis and Adherent Prepuce” (1870), by Lewis Albert Sayre

By: Matthew Tontonoz | Published: Jan 14, 2026

In 1870, Lewis Albert Sayre, an orthopedic surgeon, published “Partial Paralysis from Reflex Irritation, Caused by Congenital Phimosis and Adherent…

ParalysisPhimosisCircumcision, MaleMale circumcisionCase Reports

The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Vertebrates 

By: Dorothy Regan Haskett | Published: Jun 27, 2016

The hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that regulates cell growth and differentiation during embryonic development, called embryogenesis, in…

Drosophila melanogasterCyclopiaGenetic regulationZebra danioGenes

Epithelium

By: Kate MacCord | Published: Oct 17, 2012

Frederik Ruysch, working in the Netherlands, introduced the term epithelia in the third volume of his Thesaurus Anatomicus in 1703. Ruysch created…

EpitheliumRuysch, Frederik, 1638-1731AnatomyCells--MorphologyHis, Wilhelm, 1831-1904