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Stump v. Sparkman (1978)
By: Nathaniel Ross
| Published: Aug 23, 2022
On March 28, 1978, in Stump v. Sparkman, hereafter Stump, the United States Supreme Court held, in a five-to-three decision, that judges have…
LawSterilizationSterilization of womenInvoluntary SterilizationJudicial immunity
The Shettles Method of Sex Selection
By: Alysse Blight
| Published: Apr 03, 2019
In the 1960s in the United States Landrum B. Shettles developed the Shettles method, which is a procedure for couples to use prior to and during an…
TechnologySex PreselectionSex PredeterminationFamily PlanningSex Chromosomes
Kass v. Kass (1998)
By: Mark Zhang, Jennifer E. Chapman
| Published: Nov 01, 2013
In Maureen Kass v. Steven Kass (1998), the Court of Appeals of New York in Albany, New York, ruled that the state should generally consider IVF…
LawFrozen human embryosFertilization in VitroInformed consent (Medical law)Surrogate mothers
Fetal Surgery
By: Kathleen O'Connor, Erica O'Neil
| Published: Nov 01, 2012
Fetal surgeries are a range of medical interventions performed in utero on the developing fetus of a pregnant woman to treat a number of congenital…
Fetus--SurgeryFetoscopyUltrasonics in obstetricsPregnancyEndoscopy
Doolan v. IVF America [Brief] (2000)
By: Brock Heathcotte
| Published: May 09, 2008
The implication of the court's decision was that Thomas Doolan's identity or personhood existed at the embryo stage in vitro, thus the fact that he…
LawFertilization in VitroReproductionFetusFertilization
Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
By: Corinne DeRuiter
| Published: Aug 16, 2011
Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) is a rare placental disease that can occur at any time during pregnancy involving identical twins. TTTS…
Fetofetal TransfusionReproductionFetusCongenital DisordersHuman Development
Facial Abnormalities of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
By: Erica O'Neil
| Published: Sep 28, 2010
Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under…
fetal alcohol syndromeReproductionHuman Development
National Embryo Donation Center
By: Nicole Lopez
| Published: Jun 24, 2010
The National Embryo Donation Center (NEDC) is a non-profit organization that was established in 2002 in Knoxville, Tennessee. The organization is…
OrganizationFertilityOrganizationsReproduction
J.B. v. M.B. [Brief] (2001)
By: Brock Heathcotte
| Published: May 09, 2008
In a dispute over frozen embryos during a divorce case, the court decided the wife's fundamental right to not procreate mandated destruction of the…
LawFertilization in VitroReproductionFertilizationbioethics
Charles Darwin's Theory of Pangenesis
By: Yawen Zou
| Published: Jul 20, 2014
In 1868 in England, Charles Darwin proposed his pangenesis theory to describe the units of inheritance between parents and offspring and the…
HeredityDarwin, Charles, 1809-1882ReproductionEvolutionNatural selection