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Virginia Apgar (1909–1974)
By: Carolina J. Abboud
| Published: Feb 16, 2017
Virginia Apgar worked as an obstetrical anesthesiologist, administering drugs that reduce women’s pain during childbirth, in the US in the mid-…
Apgar, Virginia, 1909-1974Apgar ScorePregnancyObstetricsChildbirth
Environment and Birth Defects (1973), by James G. Wilson
By: S. Alexandra Aston
| Published: Jun 21, 2014
Environment and Birth Defects by James Graves Wilson in the US was published in 1973. The book summarized information on the causes of malformations…
LiteratureBirth DefectsAbnormalities, HumanTeratogensTeratology
Agent Orange as a Cause of Spina Bifida
By: Cecilia Chou
| Published: Mar 09, 2017
Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the spines of developing fetuses and infants, and research in the 20th century indicated that chemicals…
Agent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaNeural tube--AbnormalitiesSpinal cord--Abnormalities
Agent Orange Birth Defects
By: Cecilia Chou, Jesse King
| Published: Mar 07, 2017
Sprayed extensively by the US military in Vietnam, Agent Orange contained a dioxin contaminant later found to be toxic to humans. Despite reports by…
Agent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaNeural tube--AbnormalitiesSpinal cord--Abnormalities
"Vietnam Veterans' Risks for Fathering Babies with Birth Defects" (1984), by J. David Erickson et al.
By: Cecilia Chou
| Published: Mar 28, 2017
In 1984, J. David Erickson and his research team published the results of a study titled 'Vietnam Veterans' Risks for Fathering Babies with Birth…
LiteratureAgent OrangeHerbicidesSpina BifidaVeterans Administration