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Julia Bell worked in twentieth-century Britain, discovered Fragile X Syndrome, and helped find heritable elements of other developmental and genetic…
Genetic Disordersfetal developmentRubella in pregnancyRubella virusHeredityFrom 1913 to 1916, Calvin Bridges performed experiments that indicated genes are found on chromosomes. His experiments were a part of his doctoral…
DrosophilaHeredityInheritance of acquired charactersColumbia University--Graduate studentsMutationIn 2009, Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Masahito Tachibana, and their team of researchers developed the technology of mitochondrial gene replacement therapy to…
TechnologymonkeysGurdon, J. B. (John Bertrand)Briggs, Robert, -1983King, Thomas J. (Thomas Joseph), 1921-2000Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Masahito Tachibana, and their team of researchers replaced the mitochondrial genes of primate embryonic stem cells via spindle…
monkeysrhesus macaqueSendai virusEmbryonic Stem CellsMitochondrial DiseasesFrancis Harry Compton Crick, who co-discovered the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in 1953 in Cambridge, England, also developed The Central…
DNAChromosomesNucleotide sequenceNucleic AcidsMolecular BiologyIn humans, sex determination is the process that determines the biological sex of an offspring and, as a result, the sexual characteristics that they…
Sex DeterminationGenetic sex determinationIntersex peopleDiscrimination against intersex peopleStevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria), 1861-1912The Origin and Behavior of Mutable Loci in Maize, by Barbara McClintock, was published in 1950 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
LiteratureMcClintock, Barbara, 1902-1992ChromosomesTransposonsCornThe Sex-determining Region Y (Sry in mammals but SRY in humans) is a gene found on Y chromosomes that leads to the development of male phenotypes,…
Y ChromosomeTestisEmbryosChromosomesSex ChromosomesAs of 2022, Trisomy 21 is the most common type of trisomy, or a condition where the person has three instead of the normal two copies of one of the…
Genetic DisordersGenetic disorders in childrenGenetic disorders in pregnancyGenetic disorders--DiagnosisDown syndromeBetween 1953 and 1957, before the Meselson-Stahl experiment verified semi-conservative replication of DNA, scientists debated how DNA replicated. In…
ChromosomesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryDNA Replication