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American Eugenics Society (1926-1972)
By: Rachel Gur-Arie
| Published: Nov 22, 2014
The American Eugenics Society (AES) was established in the US by Madison Grant, Harry H. Laughlin, Henry Crampton, Irving Fisher, and Henry F.…
OrganizationsEugenicsHeredity, HumanHeredityInvoluntary Sterilization
Theophilus Shickel
Painter (1889-1969)
By: Dorothy Haskett
| Published: Nov 22, 2014
Theophilus Shickel Painter studied the structure and function of chromosomes in the US during in the early to mid-twentieth century. Painter worked…
ChromosomesKaryotypesSex ChromosomesGeneticsLinkage (Genetics)
The Hayflick Limit
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Nov 14, 2014
The Hayflick Limit is a concept that helps to explain the mechanisms behind cellular aging. The concept states that a normal human cell can only…
CellsCell populationsCell DeathApoptosisCell Proliferation
"Transfer of Fetal Cells with Multilineage Potential to Maternal Tissue" (2004), by Kiarash Khosrotehrani et al.
By: Alexis Abboud
| Published: Nov 14, 2014
In 2004, a team of researchers at Tufts-New England Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, investigated the fetal cells that remained in the…
CellsStem CellsMaternal-Fetal ExchangeFetal cells from maternal bloodFetus
"The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme" (1979), by Stephen J. Gould and Richard C. Lewontin
By: M. Elizabeth Barnes
| Published: Nov 14, 2014
The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme, hereafter called The Spandrels, is an article…
LiteratureGould, Stephen JayEvolutionAdaptationBaer, Karl Ernst von, 1792-1876
"Hybrids and Chimeras: A Consultation on the Ethical and Social Implications of Creating Human/Animal Embryos in Research" (2007), by the HFEA
By: Sarah Taddeo, Jason S. Robert
| Published: Nov 04, 2014
To educate its citizens about research into chimeras made from human and non-human animal cells, the United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation Embryology…
LiteratureChimerismHuman reproductive technologyHuman CloningFertilization in vitro, Human
Dennis Lo (1963- )
By: Alexis Abboud
| Published: Nov 04, 2014
Dennis Lo, also called Yuk Ming Dennis Lo, is a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong, China. In 1997, Lo discovered fetal…
genetic testingHuman chromosome abnormalities--DiagnosisPrenatal DiagnosisAmniocentesisChorionic Villus Sampling
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer in Mammals (1938-2013)
By: Zane Bartlett
| Published: Nov 04, 2014
In the second half of the twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone organisms in some species of mammals. Scientists have applied somatic…
CloningCell nuclei--TransplantationSpemann, Hans, 1869-1941Genetic Engineering
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (1991- )
By: Sarah Taddeo
| Published: Oct 30, 2014
In 1991, the United Kingdom established the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) as a response to technologies that used human embryos…
OrganizationEmbryologyReproductive HealthHuman reproductive technologyWarnock, Mary, 1808-1900
"Evolution and
Tinkering" (1977), by Francois Jacob
By: Valerie Racine
| Published: Oct 24, 2014
In his essay Evolution and Tinkering, published in Science in 1977, Francois Jacob argued that a common analogy between the process of evolution by…
LiteratureInstitut Pasteur (Paris, France)OperonsGenetic regulationNobel Prizes