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President George W. Bush's Announcement on Stem Cells, 9 August 2001
By: Samuel Philbrick
| Published: Nov 19, 2010
On 9 August 2001, US President George W. Bush gave an eleven-minute speech from his ranch in Crawford, Texas, on the ethics and fate of federal…
LiteratureStem CellsHuman Development
Meselson, Stahl, and the Replication of DNA: A History of "The Most Beautiful Experiment in Biology" (2001), by Frederic Lawrence Holmes
By: Victoria Hernandez
| Published: Jul 23, 2017
In 2001, Yale University Press published Frederic Lawrence Holmes' book, Meselson, Stahl, and the Replication of DNA: A History of "The Most…
LiteratureWatson, James D., 1928-Crick, Francis, 1916-2004Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass.)DNA Replication
Gastrulation in Gallus gallus (Domestic Chicken)
By: Corinne DeRuiter, Maria Doty
| Published: Jun 21, 2011
Gastrulation is an early stage in embryo development in which the blastula reorganizes into three germ layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the…
GastrulationChicks
Hartsoeker's Homunculus Sketch from Essai de Dioptrique
By: Cera R. Lawrence
| Published: Aug 14, 2008
This embryology image is a pencil sketch by Nicolaas Hartsoeker, published as part of his 1694 French-language paper entitled Essai de Dioptrique, a…
SpermatozoaSperm
"The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme" (1979), by Stephen J. Gould and Richard C. Lewontin
By: M. Elizabeth Barnes
| Published: Nov 14, 2014
The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme, hereafter called The Spandrels, is an article…
LiteratureGould, Stephen JayEvolutionAdaptationBaer, Karl Ernst von, 1792-1876
"The Role of Maternal Mitochondria during Oogenesis, Fertilization and Embryogenesis" (2002), by James M. Cummins
By: Dorothy R. Haskett
| Published: Sep 19, 2014
James M Cummins published 'The Role of Maternal Mitochondria during Oogenesis, Fertilization and Embryogenesis' 30 January 2002 in Reproductive…
LiteratureMitochondriaEmbryologyFertilization (Biology)Ovum
Early Infantile Autism and the Refrigerator Mother Theory (1943-1970)
By: Sean Cohmer
| Published: Aug 19, 2014
In 1943, child psychiatrist Leo Kanner in the US gave the first account of Early Infantile Autism that encouraged psychiatrists to investigate what…
ContextKanner, Leo, 1894-1981AutismAutism spectrum disordersAutism in children
Kass v. Kass (1998)
By: Mark Zhang, Jennifer E. Chapman
| Published: Nov 01, 2013
In Maureen Kass v. Steven Kass (1998), the Court of Appeals of New York in Albany, New York, ruled that the state should generally consider IVF…
LawFrozen human embryosFertilization in VitroInformed consent (Medical law)Surrogate mothers
Fetal Surgery
By: Kathleen O'Connor, Erica O'Neil
| Published: Nov 01, 2012
Fetal surgeries are a range of medical interventions performed in utero on the developing fetus of a pregnant woman to treat a number of congenital…
Fetus--SurgeryFetoscopyUltrasonics in obstetricsPregnancyEndoscopy
Spemann-Mangold Organizer
By: Samuel Philbrick, Erica O'Neil
| Published: Jan 12, 2012
The Spemann-Mangold organizer, also known as the Spemann organizer, is a cluster of cells in the developing embryo of an amphibian that induces…
EmbryosAmphibiansSpemann, Hans, 1869-1941EmbryologyGastrulation