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James G. Wilson's Six Principles of Teratology
By: S. Alexandra Aston
| Published: May 23, 2014
James Graves Wilson's six principles of teratology, published in 1959, guide research on teratogenic agents and their effects on developing organisms…
TeratologyAbnormalities, HumanCongenital AbnormalitiesBirth DefectsCongenital Defects
"Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans" (1993), by Theo Colborn, Frederick S. vom Saal, and Ana M. Soto
By: Jennifer R. Craer
| Published: Jan 10, 2014
Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans, was published in 1993 in Environmental Health Perspectives. In the…
LiteratureEndocrine disrupting chemicalsEmbryologyfetal developmentendocrine disruptors
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
By: Erica O'Neil
| Published: Jan 10, 2014
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur in children whose mothers contracted the rubella virus, sometimes called German measles, during pregnancy…
RubellaRubella in pregnancyRubella virusPregnancyEmbryos
"Congenital Cataract following German Measles in the Mother" (1941), by Norman McAlister Gregg
By: Lindsey O'Connell
| Published: Dec 31, 2013
In Australia in the 1940s, Norman McAlister Gregg observed a connection between pregnant women who contracted the rubella virus, or German measles,…
LiteratureCataract in childrenRubellaRubella in pregnancyRubella virus
Cocaine as a Teratogen
By: Mark Zhang, Chanapa Tantibanchachai
| Published: Oct 17, 2013
Cocaine use by pregnant women has a variety of effects on the embryo and fetus, ranging from various gastro-intestinal and cardiac defects to tissue…
CocaineCocaine abusePregnancyEmbryosFetus
Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Younger (1781-1833)
By: Lindsey O'Connell
| Published: Oct 11, 2013
Johann Friedrich Meckel studied abnormal animal and human anatomy in nineteenth century Germany in an attempt to explain embryological development.…
PeopleAnatomy, ComparativeEmbryologyBirth Defectsfetal development
The Meckel-Serres Conception of Recapitulation
By: Lindsey O'Connell
| Published: Jul 10, 2013
Johann Friedrich Meckel and Antoine Etienne Reynaud Augustin Serres developed in the early 1800s the basic principles of what later became called the…
fetal developmentFetal GrowthBirth DefectsFetus--AbnormalitiesEmbryology
Anencephaly
By: Jesse King
| Published: Feb 13, 2013
Anencephaly is an open neural tube defect, meaning that part of the neural tube does not properly close or that it has reopened during early…
fetal developmentFetus--AbnormalitiesBirth DefectsEmbryologyPregnancy
Ethics of Fetal Surgery
By: Kathleen O'Connor
| Published: Nov 20, 2012
Surgeons sometimes operate on the developing fetuses in utero of pregnant women as a medical intervention to treat a number of congential…
ethicsFetus--SurgeryFetoscopyUltrasonics in obstetricsEndoscopy
Fetal Surgery
By: Kathleen O'Connor, Erica O'Neil
| Published: Nov 01, 2012
Fetal surgeries are a range of medical interventions performed in utero on the developing fetus of a pregnant woman to treat a number of congenital…
Fetus--SurgeryFetoscopyUltrasonics in obstetricsPregnancyEndoscopy