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"Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste" from The Ants (1990), by Bert Hölldobler and Edward Osborne Wilson
By: Kelle Dhein
| Published: Jul 24, 2017
In 'Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste,' Bert Hölldobler and Edward Osborne Wilson explore the evolutionary origins of worker ants. '…
LiteratureAntsInsect societiesKin selection (Evolution)Evolution
William Bateson (1861-1926)
By: Samantha Hauserman
| Published: Jan 28, 2014
At the turn of the twentieth century, William Bateson studied organismal variation and heredity of traits within the framework of evolutionary theory…
GeneticsHeredityMendel, Gregor, 1822-1884EvolutionEmbryology
The Carapacial Ridge of Turtles
By: Guido Caniglia
| Published: Jan 01, 2012
Two main elements characterize the skeletal morphology of turtles: the carapace and the plastron. For a turtle, the carapacial ridge begins in the…
TurtlesMorphology (Animals)EmbryosGerm CellsEmbryology
Mechanistic Realization of the Turtle Shell
By: Guido Caniglia
| Published: Oct 10, 2011
Turtle morphology is unlike that of any other vertebrate. The uniqueness of the turtle's bodyplan is attributed to the manner in which the turtle's…
TurtlesEvolutionMorphology
"Gene Regulation for Higher Cells: A Theory" (1969), by Roy J. Britten and Eric H. Davidson
By: Justin Wolter
| Published: Sep 10, 2013
In 1969, Roy J. Britten and Eric H. Davidson published Gene Regulation for Higher Cells: A Theory, in Science. A Theory proposes a minimal model…
LiteratureGenetic regulationCell differentiationEvolutionGenes
Wilhelm Johannsen's Genotype-Phenotype Distinction
By: B. R. Erick Peirson
| Published: Dec 07, 2012
Wilhelm Johannsen in Denmark first proposed the distinction between genotype and phenotype in the study of heredity in 1909. This distinction is…
Johannsen, W. (Wilhelm), 1857-1927Genotype-environment interactionPhenotypeHeredityGenetics
Allan Charles Wilson (1934-1991)
By: Dorothy Haskett
| Published: Jul 24, 2014
Allan C. Wilson studied genes, proteins, and body structures of animals and humans in the US during the second half of the twentieth century. Wilson…
Human EvolutionEvolutionChimpanzeesMitochondriaElectrophoresis
David Starr Jordan (1851-1931)
By: Jill Briggs
| Published: Jun 26, 2013
David Starr Jordan studied fish and promoted eugenics in the US during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In his work, he embraced…
EugenicsEvolutionEmbryosEmbryologyHeredity
Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (1857-1927)
By: B. R. Erick Peirson
| Published: Nov 16, 2012
Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen studied plants and helped found the field of genetics, contributing methods and concepts to the study of heredity around the…
GeneticsHeredityPhenotypeGenotype-environment interactionEvolution
Richard Woltereck's Concept of Reaktionsnorm
By: B. R. Erick Peirson
| Published: Sep 06, 2012
Richard Woltereck first described the concept of Reaktionsnorm (norm of reaction) in his 1909 paper 'Weitere experimentelle Untersuchungen uber Art-…
Woltereck, Richard, 1877-1944EvolutionDaphniaEmbryologyHeredity