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This project focuses on the history of how teratogens, or agents which have the potential to cause birth defects, have been understood and tested for…
Teratogenicity testingHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, Twentieth CenturyDysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual bleeding and often includes symptoms such as cramps in the lower abdominal region, pain radiating down to…
BelladonnaDysmenorrheaWomen's health servicesReproductive HealthMenstruation, PainfulIn humans, sex determination is the process that determines the biological sex of an offspring and, as a result, the sexual characteristics that they…
Sex DeterminationGenetic sex determinationIntersex peopleDiscrimination against intersex peopleStevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria), 1861-1912Menstrual hygiene management, or MHM, is a concept that concerns girls' and women’s access to the appropriate information and resources to manage…
MenstruationMenstruation--Social aspectsFeminine Hygiene ProductsUNICEFUnited Nations and non-member nationsIn 2003, the Texas state legislature passed the Woman’s Right to Know Act, hereafter the Act, as Chapter 171 of the state’s Health and Safety Code.…
LawAbortionAbortion servicesAmerican Civil Liberties UnionFreedom of SpeechIn 1916, eugenicist Madison Grant published the book The Passing of the Great Race; or The Racial Basis of European History, hereafter The Passing of…
LiteratureEugenicsNuremberg War Crime Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, 1946-1949Involuntary sterilization--Law and legislationInterracial marriage--United StatesIn 1904, physician William Henry Walling published Sexology, a family medicine reference book. In his book, Walling proposed that his guidance would…
LiteratureMasturbationCoitus interruptusSexSexologyIn 2008, Celeste Mergens founded the organization Days for Girls to address obstacles impeding women’s and girls’ access to sustainable hygiene and…
OrganizationMenstruationMenstruation--Social aspectsFeminine Hygiene ProductsSanitary napkinsIn 2019, Americans United for Life, hereafter AUL, published a model legislation, called the Women’s Right to Know Act, in their annual publication…
LiteratureAbortionAbortion, InducedInduced AbortionMaternal-Fetal MedicineEndometriosis is a medical condition that involves abnormal growths of tissue resembling the endometrium, which is the tissue that lines the inside…
EndometriosisSampson, John A. (John Albertson), 1873-DysmenorrheaMenstruation disordersReproductive Health